Different types of Calderas

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A) Collapse Calderas:-they result from the collapse of the superstructure of the volcano due to withdrawal of the underlying support when the rapid large volume of the eruption of the ash may lower the magma level reservoir to an extent such that a potential void is left. Example- ‘Krakatau’ type.

B) Resurgent Calderas:-Develop where collapse is followed by the doming of central block. Example-‘Valleys Caldera’, New Mexico.

C) Erosion Calderas:-they are the result of the enlargement of craters or the calderas by the erosional processes.

D) Pit craters or the volcanic sinks:-they are the typical exposed in Hawaiian Islands. It has the steep walls and the great depth. The pit may be widened by the faulting or the landslide after long periods. At periods of quiescence pit is floored by solid lava. At the racks magma works upwards by the stopping and fluxing to form a cylindrical chamber occupied by the magma.

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