causes of the fluctuations of ground water table

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Ground water table repesents the upper level of the zone of ground water saturation in permeable rocks reperesenting the surface at which the pressuere of the ground water equals the atmospheric pressure.The storage level which will indicate fluctuations are shown by water balance equation:-

The causes of it's fluctuations are as below:-

a)Conditions of the zone of aeration during a potential recharge event;
b)Water content hydraulic conductivity,size and distribution of the interstices are important in determining water table fluctuations.

a)Seasonal fluctuations:-reflects the seasonal changes in storage and water availability.Normal climatically determined ground water regime is modified by artificial factors like irrigation and drainage in some areas.

b)Secular fluctuations:-Abstractions for the industrial,agricultural and domestic purposes which results in incursion of inferior quality,saline ground water from the adjacent aquifers or direct seepage from the oceans into coastal aquifers.

Short term fluctuations:-In the coastal and estuarine aquifers fluctuations are related to tidal movements,if there is simple variation in sea level with harmonic motion,a train of sinusoidal waves is propagated inland from the submarine outcrop of an aquifer.

In the valley bottom areas fluctuations occur during the hottest part of the day when discharge as evaporation from ground water exceeds the rate of inflow from the surrounding higher areas.

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