Difference between state and Nation.

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The term ‘state’ was 1st used Machiavelli. Holland defined it as – a numerous assemblage of human beings generally occupying a certain territory amongst whom he will of the majority or an ascertainable class of people, is, by the strength of such a majority or class, made to prevail against any of their number who oppose it.
            Renan defined nation as – a great solidarity constituted by the sentiment of the sacrifices that have been made. It supposes a past, it is summed up in the present by a tangible fact.
            Garner defined nation as – culturally homogeneous social group who are conscious of their cultural homogeneity and because of that aspires to establish a political organization.
State
Nation
It is a spatial concept.
It is a spiritual principle.
It comprises of a heterogeneous group of people.
It comprises of a homogeneous group of people. (Similarity in culture, tradition, language etc.)
It is bound by a territory. It is legal and practical idea or concept.
Being a spiritual and psychological mater it is not bound by territory. Example: - within the state formed by the Britishers over the pe-1947 India, Md. Ali Jinnah could identify 2 nations.
When nation is endowed with sovereign power and recognition from other states, it becomes a state.
James Bryce (political scientist) believed an independent political organization is nation and before independence it was nationality.
Within a state there exists many nation. Example:- Switzerland is comprised of 3 nations namely French, German and Italian.
A nation can not be subdivided.

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