Relation between poverty & fertility

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Poverty is the term which indicates deficiency in terms of income,consumption expenditure,low capital formation for investment.Thus,creating low income & unemployment or seasonal/disguised unemployment starting a cyclic mechanism called The vicious cycle of Poverty.
                                                  Fertility refers to a general context to all aspects of human reproduction leading to live births, but in narrow sense to the achieved number of live births, in contrast to fecundity, the potential number.

Economist Malthus pointed out increase in poor people’s average real income couldn’t durably reduce poverty unless their family size norms fell (through delayed marriage & abstinence from sex after marriage).He was convinced that high poverty increased poverty.
Economists distinguish a growth channel whereby demographic variables change the level or growth of attainable welfare per person (indicated by mean G.D.P./private consumption)affecting poverty even if distribution is constant.
Simon,however,found no effect of population change on economic growth.
Kelly & Schmidt after analyzing cross-sections of developing & developed nations found that high birth rates reduce current growth of real G.D.P. per person. However, link from low fertility to mean G.D.P. growth is stronger for developing nations.
An article in Journal of Development studies (1999) by Eastwood, Robert & M. Lipton confirmed that high fertility damage growth & aid poverty.They have come to this conclusion after dividing the growth channel into:-
a)Acquisition Effect &
b)Dependency Effect.
In India fertility has declined but population growth would continue due to population momentum. Falling Fertility + Mortality levels will cause demographic bulge of economically productive youth.(eg. Rajasthan from 1996 to 2016 as population projections by Registrar General of India)

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