How is Literacy & rate of urban population are interrelated?

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Urbanization is the special concomitant of the process of social change, modernization & population concentration. This result in the emergence of 3 concepts:-
1) a demographic interpretation;
2) structural/economic interpretation;
3)Behavioral interpretation.
                           David Mitch(of university of Maryland ,Baltimore County;dept. of economics)after relating to evidences collected from marriage register & census records of Birmingham & Norfolk(1851-1881)found that:
1)there has been no clear connection between literacy & geographic mobility but it has been found that literacy resulted in migration & subsequent urbanization.
2)Bureaucratic elements have shaped the career of industrialized Birmingham & agricultural Norfolk.
                         Literacy improves the base of job opportunities which in turn increases social mobility causing urbanization.
Industrialization (based on improved technical literacy among Englishmen) further strengthens the tide of urbanization.Eg.-In Norfolk during the Industrial revolution  number of males above 10yrs. working in agriculture & fishing decreased from 48% to 34%.
Prandy & Botero(2000) stressed that the social mobility depends on the career trajectory of a father more than that of his own son.

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