InsightsUnveiled

Snow and snowmelt water affect runoff of situated in cold environments. there are 3 modes of snow melt runoff generation, they are as below:- a)Melting runoff infiltrates the into the unsaturated soil and flows towards the stream as thoroughflow ( or penetrates to the ground water); b)When the surface is impermeable and the melt water   runs along the base of the snow pack downslope to the stream. The surface may be impermeable because it is bed rock or because the soil is frozen. Soil frost depth depends on the depth of snow cover(thick snow acts as an insulator).the effect of soil freezing on the rate of snow melt runoff is unclear. many other factors low rate of snow melt ,relative amount of rainfall and snowmelt and the amount of snow under the different vegetation types have a greater effect on the volume of runoff. c)When the water table rises to the surface within the snow pack, Resulting in saturation excess overland flow occurring at the base of the snow pack. the

Runoff is the precipitation excess or the water leaving a drainage area regarded as rainfall minus loss by evaporation or infiltration.Runoff volume is the total volume of runoff water occuring over a period of time where Q(t) is the discharge at time t and the expression is :- Total runoff is the sum of the overland flow,ground water flow and through flow.The reason why water flow down hill over a sloping land surface is because of the following of the Bernoulli's equation .However,other opinion says the reason is decrease in potential energy rather than Bernoulli's equation .Steep slope will provoke speedy movement of water towards the outlet while gentle slope will result in slow movement allowing evapotranspiration.If the soil is porous then there will be infiltration and downflow in the form of throughflow or it may enter the ground water flow.Surface runoff or infiltration excess overland flow can only occur on the catchment slope if :- a)Rainfall rate is gre

A system may be defined as a set of objectives that are considered together by studying their relationships to each other & their individual attributes. Systems are classified into 3 types:- a) Isolated system :-are those in which the boundaries for the input of energy & output or export of mass & matter are closed or fixed; b) Closed system :-are those whose boundaries are fixed & mass & matter can't cross the system boundary i.e., after initial input of matter no further input can be made into the system but there is no binding into the amount of output or input of energy in or out of the system. c) open system :-are those wherein there is continuous input & output of energy.                    Cyclic mechanism on the other hand refers to a mechanism that ends at that point from where it has begun.                     Hydrological cycle is called a cyclic mechanism because it ends from where it has started. In reality however, the systems

Humanistic geography is a perspective of Human geography based on humanism , which emphasizes human awareness, values and experience. It seeks to achieve an understanding of the human world by studying people’s relation with nature and their spatial behaviour in terms of their feelings and ideas about space and place(i.e., Man-Environment Relationship).It developed as a response to the quantitative revolution in Human Geography.It is concerned with the social organization of space. It is sub-divided into: a) Idealism; b) Phenomenology; c) Existentialism. It is non-scientific and non-law seeking approach.             Human geography is a branch of geography and deals in the study of the people and their activities . It includes the major systematic fields of – behavior, cultural, economic, urban political geography etc. (i.e., all aspects of non-physical environment of geography). It covers three related themes – a) Spatial analysis; b) Study of inter-relationships

a) Peculiarity of subject matter in the sense that geography is nourished by different subjects. Example:-Climateology is a part of independent subject meteorology, Soil geography is a part of pedology. b)the history of evolution of this subject shows variation in it’s nature for the last 200 years i.e., paradigm instability, focus changed(theoretical and practical). c) Different paradigm remained co-existant and one school of thought never replaced another and is present in conflicting relation to each other. d) There is no interpretative closure in the physical geography’s definition and the absence of a grand or meta-theory in the geography. Several definition have been forwarded by Jones, D. Smith, Hartshorne, F. Shaefer etc. e) Unclear relation between the ‘signified (objects of interest) and the ‘signifier’ (words spoken in favour of the concepts perceived by a geographer and/ or a school of thought). Example:- whether a hill is a ‘monadnock’ or an ‘inselberg’ is a