InsightsUnveiled

Weathering refers to the breakdown and disintegration and decomposition of rocks in situ through mechanical and chemical changes in rocks and their minerals affected by water,temperature,wind different  atmosphereic gasses etc. provided there is no large scale transport of weathered products by denudational processes except mass movement of rock wastes.           When the temperature of solid is increased/decreased it expands or contract.the commonly used index in weathering studies to record the degree of their response to temperature changes is called coefficient for linear thermal expansion. It is quite complicated for rocks, particularly at the mineral(crystal) scale. Individual crystals have varying coefficients. Even single crystal coefficients may vary with the direction of measurements. The formula for coefficients for linear thermal expansion is : moreover, the composition of a mineral surface is not the same as that of the bulk of the mineral, and also varies ac

Joints are small scale fractures that result when a rock shows brittle failure under the tensional/shearing stress. Rock cleavage consists of fractures along closely spaced parallel surfaces and is due to preferred orientation of platy minerals closely spaced parallel surfaces and is due to a preferred orientation of platy minerals such as mica, muscovite etc. Degree of cleavage depends upon the mineralogy of deforming rocks and on the magnitude  of applied stress. It influences weathering as it allows water to penetrate along the fractures, which are planes of mechanical weaknesses. Tensional stresses tend to produce joints that are open and provide zones of ready water movement. Shearing stresses tend to result in joints that are tightly closed and much less permeable. The openness of joints may be called 'thickness'.  Two other geometrical characteristics affect the response of jointed rocks:- 1) joint spacing expressed as average distance between the joints. The cl

chemical weathering is decomposition and disintegration of rocks due to chemical processes and reactions wherein the minerals of the rocks weather away.The rates of weathering due to chemical reactions are not well understood generally in thermodynamic aspects.then there is the effect of temperature on the yeilds,which can be predicted by using the Le chatelier's principles. the effect of a temperature increase on rection rates is to increase them.An approximte rule is that for every increase of 10(degree)Centigrade the reaction rate is doubled.The quantitative relation between temperature and wethering rate is governed by Arrhenius equation. The various reactions leading to weathering are as follows:- 1) Hydration:- It is an exothermic reaction.It does not involve reaction with water but on association between ions and water mollecules.Vo bnds are broken in this process.Indiavidual polar water moleculaes orient themselves to charged moneral surface in a way that one end of a

Wind blankets the sandy deserts and strips  hundreds of the millions of tonne of dust each year.It was more effective in the past(example:-Mesozoic era) than today.wind is more effective indeserts in the wetter environments not because it blows with greater strength in the former than in the latter but due to the separate reasons:- a)Dry surfaces;& b)sparse vegetation. a) Dry surfaces :- moisture and mobility- when the interstitial spaces between particle pores are saturated,loose surface particles are partially exposed to the drag and lift forces  of the wind.Surace cohesion holds the particles tightly which is maximum when the meniscues are tightly curved out  and they extend  over maximu grain surface .drying breaks meniscuses and cohesion teminates making surface particles  more  and more vulnerable to drag and lift forces of the wind.moisture  increases threshold of movement. rule-of thumb estimates choose 4% water content as limit to wind erodibility although Gold

The word Isostasy is derived from the german word ‘isostatios’ meaning to be ‘in equipoise’ and was first proposed by the American geologist Dutton. It simply means a mechanical stability between upstanding parts and the low lying basins on a rotating earth. The theory is developed out of the discrepancy that arose during the geodetic surveying of the Indo-Gangetic plain for the latitude determination under the supervision of Sir G.Everest,the then Surveyor General of India . The problem gave rise to several explainations to the problem proposed by – Sir G.Airy,Pratt,Hayford and Bowie and so on. However,the problem that arises with the theory of isostasy is that in all the concepts proposed ,all the aforementioned people considered different landforms (like the plateau,plain,mountain etc.) as coloumns while in reality it’s not so.Moreover the critics of this theory pointed that there is no complete isostasy over the globe due to constant endogenetic forces.Critics have also

Seismicity is the frequency and intensity of an earthquake (a shock or a series of shocks due to a sudden movement of crustal rocks , generated at a point called focus within the crust or mantle in an area. The term ‘ plate ’ is coined by Canadian Geo-physicist J.T. Wilson. The evolution,movement and destruction of the plates at the trenches are tectonically termed as plate tectonics . Earthquakes are classified into 5 types depending on the mode of generation:- 1)Tectonic earthquakes; 2)Volcanic earthquakes; 3)Collapse earthquakes; 4)Explosion earthquakes;& 5)Plutonic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes which occur from structural adjustments inside the earth are the result of the plate tectonic mechanism. Tectonic earthquakes are sub-divided into- Inter-plate earthquakes( occurring at plate edges) and Intra-plate earthquakes( occurring within the plates other than the edges) . Earthquakes occurring at where the plate boundaries converge such as trenches contrib

Before I go into very detailed and multifaceted aspects of their demands and their illegitimacy. It is better to start of with very simple facts. Who are Gorkha / Gurkha? These are people of Nepal who has their own different community wise language ("Khas Kura" or "Khas bhasa") as well as a common Lingua Franca which we outsiders label as Nepali language. They belong to the Mongoloid race whereas North Indians mostly belong to the Aryan race and South Indians who are the earliest dwellers of India belong to the Dravidian Race.  Currently, there are 40,000 Gorkhas in the Indian army alone and several other units of different armed forces like - police, BSF,etc have additional Gorkha personnel. Limbu ethnic group is the richest among the Gorkhas in Darjeeling because they fall under the Scheduled Caste category and hold government posts in Hills. What are the common Gorkha Surnames / Titles? Magar / Mangar ,  Rai ,  Limbu ,  Gurung ,  Tamang, Sunar, Chettri